TALKING CHIP AND SPIN IT

I want to share two cooperative learning structures that would surely encourage some communication.

TALKING CHIP

Materials:
Talking chips
Mat

How do I start?
 Each student receives one or two “talking chip.” The chips can be any kind of game token, or a coin.  As shown above, I recommended these little smiley magnets from Mr DIY or any departmental store.   In order to speak, a student must place his or her chip in the center of the talking mat.  The teacher must model the language structure expected.  For example, in the first picture, the teacher wanted the students to talk about a character in the short story.  The rest of the students must listen quietly till the student finishes.  Another student places his chip on any of the picture or phrases and start speaking.  Everyone takes turn till all the chips are on the table.

Talking Chips ensures that everyone participates or contributes to the discussion.  It is especially useful for shy students, low achievers, and less-fluent students.  However, teachers must provide lots of help with pictures and helpful words for the weaker students.  Do not give up if students are initially shy or did not participate.  Keep experimenting.  I love using game boards for this talking chip activity.


Another game that is easily done is Spin and Talk.  It has been called many names depending on the purpose of the game.  This spinner can easily be done on MSWord, inserta a circle and divide the circle into sections.  All you need is a pencil and a paper clip.  Students take turns spinning the paper clip around the pencil and speak on the topic that the paper clip lands.

You can find the teambuilding spinner here:   http://www.lauracandler.com/strategies/CL/teambuildspin.pdf

These two structures are great as starters or plenary.  You could start off a lesson on hobbies by asking students to do a talking chip activity with a mat that is filled with pictures of hobbies.

You could also end the lesson by asking students to summarize what they have learnt by spinning and talking about it.

Quiz Quiz Trade

In a normal classroom, a teacher asks a question, a few students might mumble an answer if you are lucky, and the teacher calls up a student to answer.  How do you get 50% of the classroom to answer at any one time?  You can do this through Quiz Quiz Trade, another of my favourite Kagan structures.

How do I organise it?

Step I:

Give students each a question with an answer or a certain point that you want them to engage in.

For example:  Topic:  Opposites 

I would give students a card each.  Each card would be printed with a word and the student has to say the opposite of the word.

Step 2:

Students hand up to pair with another student.  They ask each other the question on their card.  If the answer is correct, they exchange their cards. They put up their hands to find a new partner. If the answer is wrong, the partner will coach till he gets it right.quiz each other and if they can answer the question, they exchange their cards.

Step 3:

Students keep moving and finding new partners till the teacher stops the activity.  Students come back to their original group to share the new points that they have learnt.

Cards can be prepared with math problems, spelling words, vocabulary words and factual points or anything else you can think of.  The possibilities are ENDLESS!

You can use this structure as a starter activity to generate ideas in a weak class.

TWO STAY TWO STRAY

Two stay two stray is another good cooperative learning structure.  It creates an opportunity for students to present their ideas to another group or to explain a certain concept to another group.  Students could work in pairs or the teacher could adapt and make it, two stay, one stray.  It usually follows a brainstorming session or a response to a situation or problem.

For weaker students, the teacher could provide the structure or even model one 'straying'.

'Good morning, my group would like to present on ways to save the environment.  Firstly, we should......Then, we must ...............   Thank you.'

The aim of this activity is to create opportunities to talk about a subject, to teach a certain concept to someone else, to present an opinion or to solve a problem.  This also increases the speaking confidence of the students.  As this activity takes place simultaneously, maximum participation is ensured.

GALLERY WALK

The gallery walk is one of the most popular communicative activities among the teachers.  I love it because it offers the students a chance to present simultaneously and students get a chance to respond in small groups.

What is Gallery Walk? It actively involves students in synthesizing important concepts, in consensus building, in writing, and in public speaking.  Groups rotate around the classroom, listening to presentations, reflecting and responding.  

Why use Gallery Walk?  It promotes higher order thinking, oral/written presentation skills, and team building.  It is flexible and has many benefits.  It encourages students to speak and write the language rather than just listening to the teacher or one speaker at a time.  It also invoves cognitive skills involving analysis, evaluation, and synthesis, Gallery Walk has the additional advantage of promoting cooperation, listening skills, and team building.

How to use Gallery Walk? –

This is one way to use Gallery Walk.  Teacher asks each team to stand beside their station or poster sheet.  When the teacher gives a signal, each team moves to the next group except the presenter.   After three to five minutes at a chart or "station" the team rotates to the next group. Those who are listening would be given post-it-notes to write their comments or to do a 'two medals one wish' - what two things are good, and one thing that could be improved.

Another way to use Gallery Walk is where teacher sets up each station with a particular question.  Team rotates from station to station to answer the questions.

I love this activity because it involves maximum participation and students are actively engaged.

Jot Thoughts - another collaborative idea

JOT THOUGHTS

This is another favourite Kagan structure that is easy to carry out without much preparation.
Things you need:
A paper mat/ an A4 paper
lots of coloured papers cut into smaller squares/ post-it-notes

Description
Teacher gives a topic and students work in groups to list down their ideas.  One idea per slip of coloured paper. A specified time limit is given for this activity, either as a starter or a plenary.  I add an element of excitement into this activity by making it as a competition.  The team that covers up the whole mat or paper with the ideas wins the game.

PURPOSE

1. Brainstorming (30-60 seconds)

    Example:  In 60 seconds, write down as many ideas as you can about saving the environment. 

2. Review previous lesson (5 min)

    Do you remember what we did last week?  In 5 min, write down as many ideas as you can about saving the environment that we had discussed.  Use one idea on one slip of paper.

3. Review content taught (plenary)

    We have discussed ways to save the environment.  In groups, think about what you can do to help save the environment at home?  Jot down each idea on the coloured papers.  One idea on one piece of paper.

4. Synthesis 5-10 min(suggest solutions to a problem)

    The landfill of your city is 90% used.  There is a scarcity of land for throwing rubbish.  What can be done to solve this problem?   Jot down your thoughts on each slip of paper.

After the activity, the teacher could ask a few groups to share some responses.  Then, proceed to the next activity.

Creating a Conducive Environment for 21st Century Learning

Mention the word '21st century' and teachers envision computers, smartboards and all the other gadgets which we cannot afford (but dare to dream and some of our schools have already achieved).  However, till we get those ICT gadgets, there are a few things that we can do to ensure learning takes place.

Apart from the Parking Lot and feedback signals that I have discussed in my previous post, we can also set up the noticeboards to support learning.  Forget about the old way of dividing the noticeboards according to subjects and putting up articles which nobody reads.

THINGS YOU CAN DO:

1  Put up classroom rules for working in groups

2  Celebrate each student on the bulletin board or wall

I found some great ideas on Pinterest

3.  Use the wall to motivate the students and change it from time to time

4.  Grafitti wall

Students need a space where they can draw or write something.  You can put it at the 'cave', a quiet corner for thinking or relaxing.

5.  Bring the social media into the classroom.  Create a status wall/wonder wall where students can write their present status.

6.  Put up students' work

7. Create a rewards corner






8.  Put up anchor charts

Incorporating the 4C's

Introduction
Many teachers expressed their concern about the activity-based learning that the MOE is asking for. How are they going to be ready for the exam?  How are we going to finish the syllabus?  These are valid concerns.

Firstly, the activity-based learning and the 4C's are nothing new.  This is an excerpt from the HSP Bahasa Inggeris, Tingkatan 5:

......... Learners are taught the English language to enable them to use the language to further their studies and for work purposes. 
AIMS
 The English syllabus aims to extend learners’ English language proficiency in order to meet their needs for English in everyday life, for knowledge acquisition, and for future workplace needs. 

EDUCATIONAL EMPHASES 
......help learners prepare for the world of work and social life. 
 Thinking skills 
Critical and creative thinking skills are incorporated in the learning outcomes to enable learners to analyse information, make decisions, solve problems, and express themselves accurately and creatively in the language.
 Learning How to Learn Skills are also integrated in the learning outcomes and aim to enable learners to take responsibility for their own learning. ..... help them become independent lifelong learners.
 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Skills
 In line with globalisation and the ICT age, skills related to ICT are incorporated in the learning outcomes.....

 On one hand, we are preparing students for exams but let us not forget that we are also preparing students for real life.  They need to learn to work with other people, communicate their ideas, think and solve problems, create and innovate.  The content is still pretty much the same. What has changed is the delivery.  Teachers need to provide opportunities for the 4C's or should I add, 5C's (Computer literacy) to happen during the lesson.  Here, I would like to share with you how I incorporate the 21st century skills and at the same time, prepare them for exams. 

LET'S MAKE IT HAPPEN

Carousel Feedback

So, what would a typical lesson look like if I would like to incorporate at least 2C's?  Here is a simple lesson plan.  The time limits allocated are my own suggestions and it is up to the teacher to adapt.

LESSON PLAN:
FORM: 5
PROFICIENCY: MODERATE TO HIGH

TOPIC/THEME:  ENVIRONMENT
OBJECTIVE:      At the end of the lesson, you will be able to write an article with the help of notes
SUCCESS
CRITERIA  :       You will be successful if you can:
                          i.  talk about ways to save the environment using modals (should/must)
                         ii.   use a graphic organiser to organise points and elaborate
                         iii.  write three paragraphs
ACTIVITIES
Starter:        1. Teacher puts up a big poster on the environment.  Teacher elicit response on the topic and shares the LO and SC.  Students work in groups and fill up a big bubble map on ways to save the environment. (Time: 3 min) (Place the bubble map at the center of the group to encourage participation by all.  Teacher elicit response from a few groups and reminds students to use modals to give advice.
             
Main
Activities:    1. Two Stay Two Stray - The Presenter and the Reporter go to another group to present their bubble map using modals. The ones who stay will give more points to presenter. (5 min)                                                                                                                  (Communicative/Collaborative)
                   2. Students return to their group after two rounds of straying (optional) and proceed to choose four points and discuss the elaborations for each point on a graphic organiser. 10 min. (Collaboration)
                   3. Carousel feedback -  Students move clockwise to another group, give feedback to the group's points and elaborations. (Teacher explains that students could give positive comments, add points, correct errors or give suggestions) Students move from group to group following teacher's cue.(one minute at each group).(Critical thinking/Comm)
                   4. Students return to their group and read the feedback from the teacher and other group members. Students add points or correct their errors.
                   5. Students write three paragraphs on their own.
 Plenary       Students use checklist for peer evaluation and give further suggestions to their
                   shoulder partner.

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More collaborative activities and lesson plans will be discussed.  Do drop me a line to give me some feedback.  See ya...

Teaching Aids to Promote the 4C's

THE MINI WHITEBOARD

Apart from the group management toolkit, one of the most versatile teaching aid to have is the mini whiteboard. It is the 21st century version of the mini blackboard or green board when we were in the primary school.   It is suitable as a starter, main or plenary.  Students love using the mini whiteboard.  I notice the class comes alive wheneveer the teacher brings in the mini whiteboard. You can buy these from bookshops.  One A4 size costs about RM1.20 or you can buy a whole box for less than RM100.

Another school actually bought a piece of formica sheet/plywood from a hardware shop which costs about RM36 and some shops do cut them for you.

Of course, we can always laminate a piece of A4 paper and we are good to go.  However, it is rather hard to wipe off and after several times of usage, it becomes very dirty.  I discovered that you could use a pencil eraser but you would need your students' help.

Another great alternative is to use the plastic document holder which you can buy from DIY for RM1.30(thanks to a coachee of mine).   The A3 size is about RM2.70.  You can insert an empty mind map or graphic organiser and get the students to write on it.  It is easily wiped off with a piece of cloth or duster.

My advice is to give the small whiteboards for each student and to give the bigger board for group work.  If the board is too small, group discussion would not be successful as some students might not be able to see.

What activities can we organise with the mini whiteboard?

1.  Pop quiz

     Run a surprise quiz at any part of the lesson to gauge understanding or learning.

2.  True or False

I asked a few questions of the chapters in the novel and students have to show me True or False with 

the mini whiteboard.  I have them write the words first before I begin the activity.  This activity

immediately tells me who knows the novel very well and who is still struggling.

• Race to 12

This is a cooperative activity where students race to complete 12 things in groups.

E.g.  12 adjectives

         12 ways to save the environment

• Showdown

Students complete a task individually and shows it to the whole group.  Group members help 

others who were not able to complete.  This could be a competition or it could be just to ensure 

all members understand or have mastered the skill.

• Pictionary

One student draws a picture while the other partner guesses what he is drawing.

• Spelling

PLACEMAT CONSENSUS

Another good tool to have is the placemat consensus.  This could be photocopied in advance
and inserted into the document holder.  Students write on it.  This could be used as a starter.

                           

          This is a cooperative learning strategy to encourage maximum participation.  Teacher gives a topic  and each student will write in the section in front of them for 1-3 minutes.  The teacher then may asks the group members to discuss each point and to come to a consensus on one or a few main points.  The reporter will write the points in the centre of the placemat.

Sharing of the Learning Objective and Success Criteria

There are many benefits in sharing the learning objectives:

i.  it creates a sense of mutual responsibility

ii. it helps students be clear about what success looks like in the lesson

iii. students know where they are heading

iv. keeps the teacher on track

If students are going to write an email, then they need to know what is the criteria that would tell them they are successful in writing an email.  I would break up the objectives into the various skills in writing that email.  For example:

Learning Objective:  To write an e-mail to a friend, giving advice.

Success Criteria:  You will know you are successful if you can:

i.  use an appropriate format

ii.  begin and end the letter appropriately

ii. write an elaboration for each point given

ii.  use sequence connectors to join your paragraphs

I encourage my teachers to put up labels of the Lo and Sc  in class so that it is clear for all to see.  Some prefer to write on rolled whiteboards and hang it in the class.

When do I share the LO and SC?  Obviously, this needs to happen in the beginning of the class, whether it is after Set Induction or before.  

According to Robert Gagne, we should share the learning objective right after the set induction.

                                           

21st Century Teaching and Learning: Group Management and Facilitation

21st Century Teaching and Learning






Before we talk about integrating the 4C's into our lessons, we need to know about group management.

GROUP MANAGEMENT

Since students are seated in groups, it makes sense that teachers should equip themselves with group management and facilitation.

GROUP STRUCTURE




Introduce the table group and its members to students.  The person sitting next to him is the shoulder partner and the person opposite is the face partner.  This is important for group work when the teacher wants the students to share with their shoulder partner or the face partner or the table group.

ROLE TAGS
These role tags help students to play a role in the team and to ensure that no students are bullied into presenting or doing a certain work all the time.  Rotate the roles every now and then.
 I prefer to use Material Manager, Presenter, Reporter,  and Timekeeper.

THE QUIET SIGNAL

The teacher raises a hand and say a word to attract students' attention.  I like to say 'Hi Five' and students know it means; eyes looking at teacher, hands stop working, ears listening, mouth stop talking and body turned towards teacher.  The student will also respond by saying 'Hi Five'.  Do not put down your hands till everyone is ready and listening.  Give your instructions.

FEEDBACK SIGNALS


These signals are important as students are seated in groups and it gives feedback to teacher or as a form of formative assessment.  How do I use the traffic lights?  After giving instructions for a certain task, ask students to show whether they understand by using the traffic lights.

TRAFFIC LIGHTS

Some creative traffic lights.

THUMB SIGNALS

THE PARKING LOT

 This is a place where students post their questions. One is a poster with "Post your questions here....."  
 You can place a container or box below the sign and students can write on scraps of recycled paper and place their questions into the box.

Here are some creative parking lots by my coachees at Batang Padang.

This is what I put into my toolkit for each group:

Seating arrangement

According to the experts, 21st century classroom design should have 3 elements; the campfire (where students learn from an expert), the watering hole (where students work with others) and the cave (where students take time out to be alone, sudut santai).  With our large number of students in a class, it is almost impossible to find a place for every element.  Thus, I prefer to put students in groups of four for maximum participation.  Slanting the table groups help in creating more space for students to walk around.

Thanks to all my coachees and their friends who are so creative and able to adapt very quickly.